abstract：:Fetal bladder volume and hourly fetal urine production (HFUPR) is calculated on the assumption that the fetal bladder is ellipsoid in shape. A recent validation study demonstrated a progressive overestimation at increasing bladder volumes. This may be due to changes in shape of the fetal bladder at increasing volumes....

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Stigter RH,Mulder EJ,Visser GH

更新日期：1998-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate prostanoid synthesis in different segments of the umbilicoplacental vascular tree and its relationship to impaired maternal glucose tolerance. Segments from the umbilical artery and vein, allantochorionic artery branches, and the cotyledon artery from 21 women with diabetes...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Saldeen P,Olofsson P,Parhar RS,al-Sedairy S

更新日期：1998-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of type-I diabetes on the quality of general movements (GMs) was studied longitudinally in 12 human fetuses. GMs were analysed at two-weekly intervals from 16 weeks until delivery. A pregnancy optimality-score and a diabetes optimality-score were used to cover the course of the pregnancy and delivery and th...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Kainer F,Prechtl HF,Engele H,Einspieler C

更新日期：1997-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:There is convincing evidence that breast-feeding is protective against gastro-enteritis and diarrhoea, but for other infections the situation is less clear cut. There is evidence that breast-fed infants are at increased risk of one infection (infant botulism). They are probably not significantly protected from upper r...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Golding J,Emmett PM,Rogers IS

更新日期：1997-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between maternal menstrual history and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births is examined in a population-based birth cohort of 5291 mothers with singleton births and 28 completed gestational weeks in Qingdao, China, in 1992. Multivariate analyses suggest that the length of the menstrual cycle and age...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Xu B,Järvelin MR,Xu X,Wang Z,Qin H,Rimpelä A

更新日期：1997-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the predominant phospholipid in natural surfactant preparations. A metabolic intermediate, lyso-PC, is potentially injurious to the lungs. In the present study, tracheal aspirates from preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome treated with surfactant were examined for the presence o...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： O'Hare MM,Bingham AM,McMaster C,Halahakoon WL,Corcoran JD,Halliday HL

更新日期：1997-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of fetal growth restriction on cardiac size is controversial. It has not been established whether cardiac size of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses is smaller or larger than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses. Such controversy may stem from heterogeneity in study population in previous repo...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Miyague NI,Ghidini A

更新日期：1997-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:It is becoming increasingly apparent that pyridoxine responsive homocystinuria patients are being missed by newborn screening programs. The possibility that screening for homocystine, rather than the methionine, might be more effective was investigated by comparing homocystine and methionine levels of non-responsive p...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Snyderman SE,Sansaricq C

更新日期：1997-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We assessed the relation of perinatal factors to severe hypothyroxinemia of prematurity, defined as thyroxine value more than 2.6 standard deviations below the mean for newborns. The 365 survivors of birth before 32 weeks gestation were enrolled in a population-based study of the correlates of neonatal brain injury. I...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Reuss ML,Paneth N,Lorenz JM,Susser M

更新日期：1997-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) was measured using Doppler ultrasound on the first day of life in a consecutively admitted cohort of 52 very low birthweight infants. Recordings were made for a period of 1 min. The coefficient of variation for the area under the curve of 20 successive cardiac cycles was calculated,...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Coughtrey H,Rennie JM,Evans DH

更新日期：1997-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes the use of automated microscopy to detect fetal erythroblasts in maternal blood. The technology is based on the following approach: (1) the use of centrifugal cytology for the preparation of monolayers; (2) simultaneous staining of fetal hemoglobin (immunoalkaline phosphatase) and chromosome seque...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Tanke HJ,Oosterwijk JC,Mesker WE,Ouwerkerk van-Velzen MC,Knepflé CF,Wiesmeyer CC,van Ommen GJ,Kanhai HH,Vrolijk J

更新日期：1996-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Practically all reference curves for Doppler blood flow variables in pregnancy end at 40 weeks. OBJECTIVE:To study fetal and uteroplacental circulatory changes in pregnancies proceeding beyond 43 weeks. STUDY DESIGN:Longitudinal comparisons from 42 to 43 weeks and comparisons with controls at term. MATERI...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Olofsson P,Saldeen P,Marsál K

更新日期：1996-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Adrenocortical response to stress in neonates was assessed by estimating salivary concentrations of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S). Behavioral responses to stress were also scored clinically, according to the method of Lewis and Thomas [15]. The modulation of these ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Kurihara H,Chiba H,Shimizu Y,Yanaihara T,Takeda M,Kawakami K,Takai-Kawakami K

更新日期：1996-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Sensitive screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) and other disorders requires accurate measurement of analytes in blood eluted from filter paper. The development of new quantitative methods for phenylalanine measurement in dried blood spots for PKU screening has introduced an increased number of calibrators p...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Dhondt JL,Paux E,Farriaux JP

更新日期：1996-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Here presented are the different human fetal larynx functions. Analysis and observation of the organ show at least three behavioural patterns: swallowing, respiratory and phonetic. The respiratory function coincides with a blood aspiration through the venosus duct (phenomenon measured by pulsed Doppler) which increase...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： López Ramón y Cajal C

更新日期：1996-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The reactions of heart rate (HR), systolic (sBP) and diastolic (dBP) blood pressure were studied in response to passive head-up tilting (successively to +45 degrees and +90 degrees) in a group of 83 full-term, 1- to 7-day-old newborns who were quiet and awake. A significant mean increase of HR was noted for the whole ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Andrásyová D,Kellerová E

更新日期：1996-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A new protocol for Structured Observation of Motor Performance in Infants, SOMP-I, designed to describe both progress and quality of motor performance, was evaluated concerning its ability to describe and to discriminate between the motor performance observed in different groups of infants. Sixty-eight infants born at...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Persson K,Strömberg B

更新日期：1995-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The relative role of perinatal factors (birthweight, gestational age, gender, asphyxia, mechanical ventilation and cerebral lesions), developmental factors (neuromotor development during the first 18 months of life) and environmental factors (socio-economic status and bilingualism) on cognitive abilities was evaluated...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Fawer CL,Besnier S,Forcada M,Buclin T,Calame A

更新日期：1995-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Discrepancies between active and passive muscle power are often seen in pre-term infants over the first year. Generally of a transient nature, they are most obvious in the extensor muscles of the trunk where there is a high active muscle power relative to the passive component. While high active muscle power may not b...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： de Groot L,Hopkins B,Touwen B

更新日期：1995-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of umbilical vessel walls is increasingly being studied as a longer-term reflection of the fetal EFA status. We evaluated the EFA content of umbilical artery and vein vessel walls in 43 preterm infants and compared it with that of 43 full-term cord vessels. In addition, relat...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Foreman-van Drongelen MM,al MD,van Houwelingen AC,Blanco CE,Hornstra G

更新日期：1995-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown for the first time that the microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme protein is present in human embryonic and fetal red blood cells and the ontogeny of its expression has been determined. In the earliest embryos, red cells are predominantly of the primitive megaloblastic type. Circulating red cells in th...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Hume R,Pazouki S,Hallas A,Burchell A

更新日期：1995-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a common neonatal problem and, sadly, results in acute and chronic respiratory morbidity. Although meconium aspiration can occur prior to delivery even in the absence of labour, in many infants this condition could be prevented by appropriate suctioning at birth. More accurate pre...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Greenough A

更新日期：1995-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The early progress of myelination was studied, by means of myelin basic protein (MBP) immunohistochemistry and luxol-fast-blue (LFB) staining, in the spinal cord, spinal nerve roots and brainstem of 66 fetuses and neonates. The degree of myelination was classified from 1 (slight) to 4 (mature). MBP immunoreactivity ex...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Tanaka S,Mito T,Takashima S

更新日期：1995-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The objectives of this study were (1) to detect vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in fetal blood obtained by cordocentesis (2) to examine possible changes in growth retarded fetuses and to establish relationships between its levels and fetal blood acid-base status as well as fetal haemodynamics as assessed by Doppler ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Rizzo G,Montuschi P,Capponi A,Romanini C

更新日期：1995-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A new protocol for structured observation of motor performance in infants, SOMP-I, was applied to 72 neonatally healthy fullterm infants at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 10 months of age. It contains 13 items, formed as ascending scales, consisting of detailed descriptions of motor performance in different body positions and body pa...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Persson K,Strömberg B

更新日期：1995-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourteen infants of 2 months or 6 months of age were video-recorded during polysomnography. Four were normal infants, five had a history of ALTE (apparent life threatening event) and five had repeated and prolonged apnoea during sleep. Two ALTE infants have been recorded at 2 months as well as at 6 months of age. Move...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Einspieler C,Prechtl HF,van Eykern L,de Roos B

更新日期：1994-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:In the general framework of relating birthing events to later mental development, this study addresses the hypothesis that uneventful non-vertex delivery is associated with higher intelligence than uneventful vertex delivery. STUDY DESIGN:In the course of a developmental obstetrical survey, data was gathered...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Roemer FJ,Rowland DY

更新日期：1994-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing public awareness of the prone sleeping position, maternal smoking and overheating as potentially avoidable risk factors for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been accompanied by a dramatic reduction in mortality. The results of two population based studies of SIDS in Avon are compared; the first o...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Wigfield R,Gilbert R,Fleming PJ

更新日期：1994-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Whether preeclampsia affects the fetal hematologic system still remains a controversial issue. The purpose of this series was to examine the hypothesis that preeclampsia may or may not cause adverse effects on fetal hemogram, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. In addition, no one, to date, has reported...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Huang SC,Chang FM

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of lung function and reflex activity on the success of patient-triggered ventilation (PTV) has been determined. Lung function was assessed by measurement of compliance using a single breath technique. Reflex activity was assessed by measurement of the strength of Hering Breuer reflex indicated by the deg...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Chan V,Greenough A,Muramatsu K

更新日期：1994-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Eleven healthy, full-term babies were studied on the second day (d2) after birth and again 4 weeks (w4) later. The babies lived in natural lighting conditions and were fed every 4 h. Blood pressure, heart rate, skin (abdomen) and rectal temperatures were measured at 10-min intervals for 24 h. Behavioural states (deep ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Weinert D,Sitka U,Minors DS,Waterhouse JM

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the effect of maternal administration of betamethasone (0.2 mg/kg per day) on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by maternal, fetal, and neonatal rat splenic lymphocytes. STUDY DESIGN:Betamethasone was injected intramuscularly on days 19 and 20 of gestat...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Murthy KK,Moya FR

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychobiological studies of fetal ontogenesis in non-human species, particularly in laboratory rat, now have much to offer students of human development. Psychobiological approaches are 'ecologically' oriented which, for fetal research, implies consideration of the adaptive significance of behavior within the uterine ...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Alberts JR,Ronca AE

更新日期：1993-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic protease deficiency may be an aetiological factor in enteritis necroticans, a disease sharing some features of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Using faecal chymotrypsin measurement we have prospectively studied pancreatic exocrine function in infants at risk of NEC. No significant difference was found comp...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Wood CM,MacKay P,Willis KD,Brown GA,Puntis JW

更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum albumin levels decrease during pregnancy while the concentration of most other maternal serum proteins of hepatic origin remain stable or increase. In a study of 289 women, most maternal characteristics such as race, age, smoking, a history of previous low birth-weight, infant sex and gestational age at delivery...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Maher JE,Goldenberg RL,Tamura T,Cliver SP,Hoffman HJ,Davis RO,Boots L

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The idea of an artificial neural network is introduced in a historical context, and the essential aspect of it, viz., the modifiable synapse, is compared to the aspect of plasticity in the natural nervous system. Based on such an artificial neural network, a model is presented for the way in which (the path along whic...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Vos JE,Scheepstra KA

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Developmental changes in muscle coordination patterns of normal and abnormal general movements (GMs) are described. GMs were studied simultaneously with video-recording and polymyography (polyEMG). GMs of normal full-term infants gradually lose their neonatally slow and 'writhing' character, to be turned into the eleg...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Hadders-Algra M

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein produced by immature Sertoli cells and responsible for the regression of müllerian ducts in male fetuses. The ontogeny of the hormone in early human development was investigated. While no detectable AMH could be found in female fetal serum, in males, the mean +/- S.E.M. A...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Josso N,Lamarre I,Picard JY,Berta P,Davies N,Morichon N,Peschanski M,Jeny R

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the influence of prematurity and postnatal age on the maturation of the autonomic nervous system function, we analysed heart-rate and heart-rate variability in twelve prematurely born infants (< 37 weeks gestational age) reaching the conceptional age of 37-41 weeks. These neonates were compared with six...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Eiselt M,Curzi-Dascalova L,Clairambault J,Kauffmann F,Médigue C,Peirano P

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multicenter randomised trial was conducted in nine neonatal centers in Japan to re-evaluate the safety and the efficacy of high frequency oscillatory ventilation using the piston type oscillator (Hummingbird) in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants weighing between 750 and 2000 g at birth. A total...

journal_title：Early human development

authors： Ogawa Y,Miyasaka K,Kawano T,Imura S,Inukai K,Okuyama K,Oguchi K,Togari H,Nishida H,Mishina J

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00